Mathematical model on Type 1 diabetes and Healthy state: Mechanisms of <i>β</i> cells on the interaction between M1 and M2 Macrophages

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the immune-mediated reduction of β cells, resulting in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration. We studied impact M1/M2 macrophages cell level. obtained healthy state (absence T1D) and unhealthy (presence T1D). found that state, levels are decreased with continuous alternative switch between M1 M2 macrophages. However, increase high level